{
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  "Package": "lifecontingencies",
  "Type": "Package",
  "Title": "Financial and Actuarial Mathematics for Life Contingencies",
  "Version": "1.6.3",
  "Authors@R": "c(person(\"Giorgio Alfredo\", \"Spedicato\", role = c(\"aut\", \"cre\"),\nemail = \"spedicato_giorgio@yahoo.it\",comment = c(ORCID = \"0000-0002-0315-8888\")),\nperson(\"Christophe\", \"Dutang\", role = \"ctb\",comment = c(ORCID = \"0000-0001-6732-1501\")),\nperson(\"Reinhold\", \"Kainhofer\", role = \"ctb\",comment = c(ORCID = \"0000-0002-7895-1311\")),\nperson(\"Kevin J\", \"Owens\", role = \"ctb\"),\nperson(\"Ernesto\", \"Schirmacher\", role = \"ctb\"),\nperson(\"Gian Paolo\", \"Clemente\", role = \"ctb\",comment = c(ORCID = \"0000-0001-6795-4595\")),\nperson(\"Ivan\", \"Williams\", role = \"ctb\")\n)",
  "Maintainer": "Giorgio Alfredo Spedicato <spedicato_giorgio@yahoo.it>",
  "Description": "Classes and methods that allow the user to manage life\ntable, actuarial tables (also multiple decrements tables).\nMoreover, functions to easily perform demographic, financial\nand actuarial mathematics on life contingencies insurances\ncalculations are contained therein. See Spedicato (2013)\n<doi:10.18637/jss.v055.i10>.",
  "License": "MIT + file LICENSE",
  "Encoding": "UTF-8",
  "LazyLoad": "yes",
  "LazyData": "true",
  "BugReports": "https://github.com/spedygiorgio/lifecontingencies/issues",
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  "Repository": "https://spedygiorgio.r-universe.dev",
  "Date/Publication": "2026-10-09 17:23:25 UTC",
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    "User": "root"
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  "Author": "Giorgio Alfredo Spedicato [aut, cre] (ORCID:\n<https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0315-8888>),\nChristophe Dutang [ctb] (ORCID:\n<https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6732-1501>),\nReinhold Kainhofer [ctb] (ORCID:\n<https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7895-1311>),\nKevin J Owens [ctb],\nErnesto Schirmacher [ctb],\nGian Paolo Clemente [ctb] (ORCID:\n<https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6795-4595>),\nIvan Williams [ctb]",
  "_user": "spedygiorgio",
  "_type": "src",
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  "_expires": "2027-01-17T21:20:26.000Z",
  "_created": "2026-10-09T21:10:17.000Z",
  "_published": "2026-10-09T21:20:28.982Z",
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  "_commit": {
    "id": "a07e0c13eb3aca16dfb948cfd8f33a70e3e84481",
    "author": "Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>",
    "committer": "Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>",
    "message": "fix: make markovchain a genuinely optional dependency\n\nThe S4 coercions to \"markovchainList\" were registered at build time, with\na top-level `if (requireNamespace(\"markovchain\"))`: a markovchain installed\nafter lifecontingencies left as(x, \"markovchainList\") broken while rmdt()\nworked. They are now registered in .onLoad(), whichever order the packages\nwere installed in.\n\nWithout markovchain:\n- rmdt() stops with an informative error instead of warning and returning\n  NULL (which failed later, far from the cause);\n- as(x, \"markovchainList\") fails with R's standard \"no method\" error;\n- the vignette chunk that needs it is skipped (eval = requireNamespace()),\n  and the rmdt() example is guarded the same way.\n\nDocs (rmdt.Rd, mdt-class.Rd, lifetable-class.Rd) say which functions need\nthe package; mdt-class.Rd also corrected its data.frame coercion entry,\nwhich wrongly mentioned markovchainList. New tests in\ntest-optional-markovchain.R cover both states.\n\nChecked by installing lifecontingencies with and without markovchain at\nbuild and at run time: all four combinations behave as documented; the\nvignette knits in both states; R CMD check clean apart from the container's\nlocale warning and the uninstallable Suggests.\n\nCo-Authored-By: Claude Haiku 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>\nClaude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01AGxJE6orGauzW3BzfGdQET\n",
    "time": 1791566605
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    "rLifeContingenciesXyz",
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    "rmdt",
    "sdxn",
    "show",
    "summary",
    "tail",
    "Tx",
    "varxn"
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      "object": "AF92Lt",
      "class": [
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      ],
      "fields": [],
      "table": false,
      "tojson": false
    },
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    },
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      ],
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        "TH00_02",
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        "TD88_90",
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    {
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        "qxFemale"
      ],
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      "table": true,
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    },
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      ],
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        "SIF81"
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      "table": true,
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    },
    {
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      "class": [
        "data.frame"
      ],
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        "age",
        "JP8587M",
        "JP8587F"
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      "rows": 110,
      "table": true,
      "tojson": true
    },
    {
      "name": "demoUk",
      "title": "UK life tables",
      "object": "demoUk",
      "class": [
        "data.frame"
      ],
      "fields": [
        "Age",
        "AM92",
        "AF92"
      ],
      "rows": 74,
      "table": true,
      "tojson": true
    },
    {
      "name": "demoUsa",
      "title": "United States Social Security life tables",
      "object": "demoUsa",
      "class": [
        "data.frame"
      ],
      "fields": [
        "age",
        "USSS2007M",
        "USSS2007F",
        "USSS2000M",
        "USSS2000F",
        "USSS1990M",
        "USSS1990F"
      ],
      "rows": 114,
      "table": true,
      "tojson": true
    },
    {
      "name": "soa08",
      "title": "Society of Actuaries Illustrative Life Table object.",
      "object": "soa08",
      "class": [
        "lifetable"
      ],
      "fields": [],
      "table": false,
      "tojson": false
    },
    {
      "name": "soa08Act",
      "title": "Society of Actuaries Illustrative Life Table with interest rate at 6",
      "object": "soa08Act",
      "class": [
        "actuarialtable"
      ],
      "fields": [],
      "table": false,
      "tojson": false
    },
    {
      "name": "SoAISTdata",
      "title": "SoA illustrative service table",
      "object": "SoAISTdata",
      "class": [
        "data.frame"
      ],
      "fields": [
        "x",
        "lx",
        "death",
        "withdrawal",
        "inability",
        "retirement"
      ],
      "rows": 41,
      "table": true,
      "tojson": true
    },
    {
      "name": "soaLt",
      "title": "Society of Actuaries life table",
      "object": "soaLt",
      "class": [
        "data.frame"
      ],
      "fields": [
        "x",
        "Ix"
      ],
      "rows": 111,
      "table": true,
      "tojson": true
    }
  ],
  "_help": [
    {
      "page": "lifecontingencies-package",
      "title": "Package to perform actuarial mathematics on life contingencies and classical financial mathematics calculations.",
      "topics": [
        "lifecontingencies-package",
        "lifecontingencies"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "accumulatedValue",
      "title": "Function to evaluate the accumulated value.",
      "topics": [
        "accumulatedValue"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "actuarialtable-class",
      "title": "Class '\"actuarialtable\"'",
      "topics": [
        "actuarialtable-class",
        "coerce,actuarialtable,data.frame-method",
        "coerce,actuarialtable,numeric-method",
        "getOmega,actuarialtable-method",
        "initialize,actuarialtable-method",
        "print,actuarialtable-method",
        "show,actuarialtable-method",
        "summary,actuarialtable-method"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "annuity",
      "title": "Annuity",
      "topics": [
        "annuity"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "arithmetic_variation_insurances",
      "title": "Life insurance with arithmetic-variation benefit (increasing/decreasing, fractional claims)",
      "concept": [
        "life-contingency APVs"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "arithmetic_variation_insurances",
        "DAxn",
        "IAxn"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "autoplot.lifetable",
      "title": "Autoplot a life table",
      "topics": [
        "autoplot.lifetable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "multidecrins",
      "title": "Multiple decrement insurances and annuities",
      "topics": [
        "Axn.mdt",
        "axn.mdt"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "axyn",
      "title": "Functions to evaluate life insurance and annuities on two heads.",
      "topics": [
        "Axyn",
        "axyn"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "Multiple-life-insurances",
      "title": "Multiple lifes insurances and annuities",
      "topics": [
        "Axyzn",
        "axyzn"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "buildMdtFromIndependentRates",
      "title": "Build an mdt object from a matrix of independent (ASDT) rates",
      "topics": [
        "buildMdtFromIndependentRates"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "de_angelis_di_falco",
      "title": "Italian Health Insurance Data",
      "topics": [
        "de_angelis_di_falco"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "decreasingAnnuity",
      "title": "Function to evaluate decreasing annuities.",
      "topics": [
        "decreasingAnnuity"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "demoCanada",
      "title": "Canada Mortality Rates for UP94 Series",
      "topics": [
        "demoCanada"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "demoChina",
      "title": "China Mortality Rates for life table construction",
      "topics": [
        "demoChina"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "demoFrance",
      "title": "French population life tables",
      "topics": [
        "demoFrance"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "demoGermany",
      "title": "German population life tables",
      "topics": [
        "demoGermany"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "demoIta",
      "title": "Italian population life tables for males and females",
      "topics": [
        "demoIta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "demoJapan",
      "title": "Japan Mortality Rates for life table construction",
      "topics": [
        "demoJapan"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "demoUk",
      "title": "UK life tables",
      "topics": [
        "demoUk"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "demoUsa",
      "title": "United States Social Security life tables",
      "topics": [
        "demoUsa"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "duration",
      "title": "Compute the duration or the convexity of a series of CF",
      "topics": [
        "convexity",
        "duration"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "endowment_trio",
      "title": "Endowment, insurance, pure endowment, and survival annuity APVs (shared topic)",
      "concept": [
        "life-contingency APVs"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "AExn",
        "Axn",
        "axn",
        "endowment_trio",
        "Exn"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "exn",
      "title": "Expected residual life.",
      "topics": [
        "exn"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "getDecrements",
      "title": "Function to return the decrements defined in the mdt class",
      "topics": [
        "getDecrements"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "getLifeContingencies",
      "title": "Functions to obtain the present value of a life contingency given the time to death",
      "topics": [
        "getLifecontingencyPv",
        "getLifecontingencyPvXyz"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "getOmega",
      "title": "Function to return the terminal age of a life table.",
      "topics": [
        "getOmega"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "Iaxn_1",
      "title": "Increasing annuity life contingencies",
      "topics": [
        "Iaxn"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "increasingAnnuity",
      "title": "Increasing annuity.",
      "topics": [
        "increasingAnnuity"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "independentRatesFromMdt",
      "title": "Extract the full Associated Single Decrement Table (ASDT) from an mdt object",
      "topics": [
        "independentRatesFromMdt"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "intensity-interest",
      "title": "Functions to switch from interest to intensity and vice versa.",
      "topics": [
        "intensity2Interest",
        "interest2Intensity"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "discount-interest",
      "title": "Functions to switch from interest to discount rates",
      "topics": [
        "discount2Interest",
        "interest2Discount"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "Isn",
      "title": "Function to calculated accumulated increasing annuity future value.",
      "topics": [
        "Isn"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "lifetable-class",
      "title": "Class '\"lifetable\"'",
      "topics": [
        "coerce,data.frame,lifetable-method",
        "coerce,lifetable,data.frame-method",
        "coerce,lifetable,markovchainList-method",
        "coerce,lifetable,numeric-method",
        "getOmega,lifetable-method",
        "head,lifetable-method",
        "initialize,lifetable-method",
        "lifetable-class",
        "plot,lifetable,ANY-method",
        "plot,lifetable-method",
        "print,lifetable-method",
        "show,lifetable-method",
        "summary,lifetable-method",
        "tail,lifetable-method"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "other-demographic-functions",
      "title": "Various demographic functions",
      "topics": [
        "Lxt",
        "Tx"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "mdt-class",
      "title": "Class '\"mdt\"'",
      "topics": [
        "coerce,mdt,data.frame-method",
        "coerce,mdt,markovchainList-method",
        "getDecrements,mdt-method",
        "getOmega,mdt-method",
        "initialize,mdt-method",
        "mdt-class",
        "print,mdt-method",
        "show,mdt-method",
        "summary,mdt-method"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "mdtToLong",
      "title": "Convert an mdt to long (time, status) format for survival analysis",
      "topics": [
        "mdtToLong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "median",
      "title": "Median age at death of a life table",
      "topics": [
        "median",
        "median,lifetable-method"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "modalAge",
      "title": "Modal age at death of a life table",
      "topics": [
        "modalAge"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "multiple-life-probabilities",
      "title": "Functions to deals with multiple life models",
      "topics": [
        "exyzt",
        "pxyzt",
        "qxyzt"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "mx2qx",
      "title": "Mortality rates to Death probabilities",
      "topics": [
        "mx2qx"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "mxt",
      "title": "Central mortality rate",
      "topics": [
        "mxt"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "nominal-real-convertible",
      "title": "Functions to switch from nominal / effective / convertible rates",
      "topics": [
        "convertible2Effective",
        "effective2Convertible",
        "nominal2Real",
        "real2Nominal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "plot-mdt-missing-method",
      "title": "Plot a multiple decrement table",
      "topics": [
        "plot,mdt,missing-method"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "presentValue",
      "title": "Present value of a series of cash flows",
      "topics": [
        "presentValue"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "probs2lifetable",
      "title": "Life table from probabilities",
      "topics": [
        "probs2lifetable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "pxt",
      "title": "Functions to evaluate survival, death probabilities and deaths.",
      "topics": [
        "dxt",
        "dxt,ANY-method",
        "dxt,lifetable-method",
        "dxt,mdt-method",
        "dxt-methods",
        "pxt",
        "pxt,ANY-method",
        "pxt,lifetable-method",
        "pxt,mdt-method",
        "pxt-methods",
        "qxt",
        "qxt,ANY-method",
        "qxt,lifetable-method",
        "qxt,mdt-method",
        "qxt-methods"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "pxyt",
      "title": "Functions to evaluate joint survival probabilities.",
      "topics": [
        "exyt",
        "pxyt",
        "qxyt"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "quantile",
      "title": "Quantiles of the age-at-death distribution of a life table",
      "topics": [
        "quantile",
        "quantile,lifetable-method"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "qx2mx",
      "title": "Death Probabilities to Mortality Rates",
      "topics": [
        "qx2mx"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "qxt.prime.fromMdt",
      "title": "Return Associated single decrement from absolute rate of decrement",
      "topics": [
        "qxt.fromQxprime",
        "qxt.prime.fromMdt"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "rLifeContingencies",
      "title": "Function to generate samples from the life contingencies stochastic variables",
      "topics": [
        "rLifeContingencies",
        "rLifeContingenciesXyz"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "rLifes",
      "title": "Function to generate random future lifetimes",
      "topics": [
        "rLife",
        "rLifes",
        "rLifexyz"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "rmdt",
      "title": "Simulate from a multiple decrement table",
      "topics": [
        "rmdt"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "soa08",
      "title": "Society of Actuaries Illustrative Life Table object.",
      "topics": [
        "soa08"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "soa08Act",
      "title": "Society of Actuaries Illustrative Life Table with interest rate at 6",
      "topics": [
        "soa08Act"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "soaIllustrativeServiceTable",
      "title": "SoA illustrative service table",
      "topics": [
        "SoAISTdata"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "soaLt",
      "title": "Society of Actuaries life table",
      "topics": [
        "soaLt"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "UkLifeTables",
      "title": "Uk AM AF 92 life tables",
      "topics": [
        "AF92Lt",
        "AM92Lt"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "varxn",
      "title": "Variance and standard deviation of the future lifetime",
      "topics": [
        "sdxn",
        "varxn"
      ]
    }
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